What Is Kefir, and Is It Good for You?

Kefir is definitely having its moment in the sun. This fermented milk drink that has actually been around for centuries is nutritionally rich and chock-full of good gut bacteria and other health benefits. But is it really as good for you as the hype?

Ancient Drink, Modern Appeal

Kefir is believed to have originated in the Caucasus Mountains, a region at the border of Europe and Asia. "Today, the largest kefir producers in the world are Russia and Poland, as well as Sweden, Norway, Finland and Germany," says dietitian and nutrition expert Paulina Nowak in an email interview. "Interest is still growing in the United States and Japan."

Kefir, from its beginnings until now, is most often produced from cow, goat or sheep milk. "However, it can also be produced on the basis of plant-based beverages, such as coconut, soya or rice milk, using fruit juices and water," she says.

When made from animal milk, kefir has the consistency of drinkable yogurt with mild carbonation. Which makes sense, considering that while yogurt is the result of fermented milk bacteria, kefir is made from a combination of yeast and the product of bacteria fermentation known as "kefir grains." Don't get these confused with actual grain like wheat or rice, however. Kefir grains are a concentrated starter for making this "live" drink known for its medicinal properties.

"Kefir contains the probiotic strains lactobacillus acidophilus, bifidobacterium bifidum, lactobacillus kefiranofaciens, lactobacillus helveticus and more," says Loren Richter, CEO and founder of nutritional supplement manufacturer BlueBiology, in an email interview. "Each probiotic strain provides the body with its own benefits."

These probiotics are thought of as "good bacteria" similar to those that are naturally found in the digestive tract. "This means that kefir is good for gut health because it supports and helps to increase healthy bacteria and prevent harmful bacteria from growing," says Melissa Hooper, dietitian and founder of the nutritional therapy company Bite-Size Nutrition, in an email exchange.

Kefir may be especially helpful for people with long-term antibiotic use since it will help rebuild the good bacteria that may be reduced by the antibiotics, and it may aid those with digestive issues such as irritable bowel syndrome, ulcers and even temporary cases of diarrhea.

And, because most of the lactose is removed during kefir's fermentation process, the drink often can be tolerated by people who otherwise have trouble digesting milk products. "Although it can be made from milk, it's low in lactose, but is high in probiotics, such as lactobacillus," said Hooper. "In fact, kefir is considered to be more potent in probiotic strength than yogurt."

Kefir also is a good source of nutrients. An 8-ounce (29-milliliter) cup of plain, low-fat kefir has 11 grams of protein and is just 110 calories. It's also high in calcium, phosphorus, vitamin B12, riboflavin, magnesium and vitamin D.

Side Effects, Good and Bad

While kefir has the benefit of promoting bowel regularity — seen as a benefit both at home and while traveling — it can cause bloating, gas, nausea, cramping and even constipation, especially when first consumed. And, for some people, the tangy taste can be a problem.

"There aren't many negatives, unless you just don't like the taste," says Keith-Thomas Ayoob, Ed.D., a fellow of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, registered dietitian and associate professor emeritus in the pediatrics department of Albert Einstein College of Medicine in New York, by email.

Ayoob encourages label-reading of store-bought kefir products, as many can be high in added sugars, and says that it is a drink that is safe for all ages, except for those who are allergic to dairy.

Research is uncovering some surprising potential benefits to drinking kefir. One study from 2015 in the Iranian Journal of Public Health found that consuming kefir lowered fasting blood sugar levels for people with diabetes and resulted in decreased blood sugar over time. And a 2017 study in the Journal of Clinical Lipidology on the effects of kefir on cholesterol revealed significant decreases in "bad cholesterol" for those who drank the fermented milk. Researchers believe the probiotics in kefir may affect how the body absorbs cholesterol from food.

If kefir isn't yet part of your hydration habit, adding it just may give your body an edge.

Kefir FAQ

What does kefir taste like?

This fermented cow, goat, or sheep milk drink tastes like tangy drinkable yogurt with mild carbonation. Many people find it very delicious, but if you want the benefits without the taste, you can add it to a fruit smoothie.

Does kefir have negative side effects?

Some people don't like the taste. It can also cause bloating, gas, nausea, and cramping for some people, though most often this occurs when a person first consumes it, especially if they drink too much before their body is accustomed to it.

How much kefir should you have a day?

Typically, you can consume around one cup of kefir on a daily basis once your body has become accustomed to it. Start with a quarter cup and work your way up if you don't experience any stomach discomfort.

What are the benefits of kefir?

Kefir is extremely good for gut health and promotes bowel regularity. This fermented drink is also very good for people recovering from long-term antibiotic use, as it helps rebuild the good bacteria in the digestive tract. Some studies have shown that kefir lowered fasting blood sugar levels for diabetic patients and resulted in decreased blood sugar over time.

Is kefir an anti-inflammatory food?

Like many probiotic foods, kefir is anti-inflammatory. Because of kefir's fermentation process, the drink can often be tolerated by people who otherwise have trouble digesting milk products.

Is kefir or yogurt better?

Kefir is actually a much more potent source of probiotics than yogurt. Just be sure to check the sugar content in store-bought brands, otherwise you may be better off with plain Greek yogurt.